The Klann linkage is a planar mechanism designed to simulate the gait of legged animal and function as a wheel replacement. The linkage consists of the frame, a crank, two grounded rockers, and two couplers all connected by pivot joints.

The picture above show the original model, and another has other four leg to make it more like a real spider. Click right pictures to see the animation. The following is a detailed construction process. There is not construction process of first picture since it is contained in the second one. 

 

Step of construction Illustration

 1. Start with a triangle OAB in yz-plane where the angle between z-axis and segment OB is 63.76 degrees, the angle between z-axis and segment OA is 66.28 degrees, and  = 0.611 .

 

 2. Draw a circle in yz-plane centered on point O of radius 0.412 . Take a movable point M on the circle.

 

 3. In yz-plane, draw circle centered on M of radius 1.143  and circle centered on A of radius 0.909 . Point C is the intersection of the two circles.

 4. Create a line through M and C and a circle centered on C in yz-plane of radius 0.726 . Point D is their intersection.

 

 5. Hide previous three circles and line. Connect segment AC and MD.

 

 6. In yz-plane, draw circle centered on D of radius 0.93  and circle centered on B of radius 1.323 . Point E is the intersection of the two circles.

 

 7. Create a line through E and D and a circle centered on D in yz-plane of radius 2.577 . Point F is their intersection.

 

 8. Hide previous three circles and line. Connect segment BE and EF.

We say that the four segments AC, MD, BE, EF, and triangle OBA compose the first leg.

 

 9. Point M' is the central symmetry of point M through point O. Triangle OA'B' is the half-turn of triangle OAB around z-axis.

 

 10. Hide yz-plane. Draw a regular octagon around z-axis through point A. Point G and H are adjacent vertices in the regular octagon, and point I is their midpoint.

 

 11. Create a line parallel z-axis through point A. Rotate previous regular octagon around this line mapping point G to point I to obtain another regular octagon.

 

 12. Hide the original regular octagon.

 

 13. Create a plane bisecting the remaining regular octagon. Reflect triangle OAB and remaining circle in this plane to obtain a new triangle O'A'B' and a new circle.

 

 14. Point  is half turn of point M around z-axis. Point   is the central symmetry of  through point O. Point  is the reflection of point  in bisecting plane. 

 

 15. Hide the bisecting plane. Repeat steps 3~7 to point  and triangle O'A'B'.

 

 16. Create another bisecting plane of regular octagon. Reflect two triangles and two circles to obtain two new triangles and circles. Call the two vertices of the triangle in the circle , .

 

 17. Translate point M mapping point O to . Translate point  mapping point O' to .

 

 18. Repeat steps 3~7 to two new points at step 14 and their corresponding triangle.

 19. For convenience, we leave the first leg, and hide three other legs temporarily.

 

 20. Create a line  which is the intersection of the plane containing regular octagon and the plane containing triangle OAB. Rotate point O and M 90 degrees counterclockwise around this line to obtain point G and H.

 

 21. Create a line  perpendicular to regular octagon through its center. Draw a new regular octagon around this line through point B.

 

 22. Point I is a vertex of new regular octagon obtained from rotating point B around line  clockwise 90 degrees.  Create a line  through point I and center of new regular octagon.

 

 23. Take a point J on line  such that  = . Translate point H mapping point G to point J to obtain point K.

 

 

 24. Hide point G, point H, line , and bigger regular octagon.

 

 25. Create two line in the plane containing smaller regular octagon. One is perpendicular to line  through point J, and another is parallel to line  through point K. Call the intersecting point of two lines L.

 

 26. Draw a line  parallel line  through point I. Create a plane P containing this line and midpoint between J and L.

 

 27. Hide point J, K, L, line , and two line at step 22.

 

 28. Translate point M and triangle OBA to obtain point   and a new triangle. Point A'' is the vertex of new triangle corresponding to point A.

 

 29. Rotate point  and new triangle around line  mapping point A'' to an arbitrary point on plane P to obtain point  and triangle T.
 

 30. Hide point , line , and triangle containing point A''. Repeat steps 3~7 to point  and triangle T.

 

 31. Create a plane containing line  and through point B. Reflect point  and triangle T in this plane to obtain point  and a new triangle T'. Also reflect plane P in this plane to obtain plane P'.

 

 32. Draw a line parallel  through the vertex of triangle T' closest line . Take a point  half-turn of point  around this line.

 

 

 33. In plane P', repeat steps 3~7 to point  and triangle T'. Hide useless objects.

 

 34. Rotate plane P', triangle T' and point  around line  135 degrees counterclockwise to obtain plane P'', triangle T'' and point .

 

 35. Take a point  central symmetry of point . through the vertex of triangle T'' closest line .

 

 36. In plane P'', repeat steps 3~7 to point  and triangle T''. Hide the useless objects.

 

 37. Create a plane perpendicular line  through the midpoint between A and B. Point N is the intersection of  and this plane. 
 

 

 38. Repeat steps 31~32 to point  and triangle T to obtain final leg.

 

 39. Show previous hidden three leg. Draw a sphere centered on point N through point B.